Xyoob pulp yog siv dav hauv kev ua ntawv, textile thiab lwm yam teb vim nws cov khoom siv tua kab mob ntuj, rov ua dua tshiab thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig. Kev sim cov khoom siv lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg, tshuab thiab ib puag ncig ntawm xyoob pulp yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb. Cov txheej txheem sim ntau yam yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho kev sib tw ua lag luam.
Xyoob pulp yog cov khoom siv fiber ua los ntawm xyoob los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, tshuab lossis semi-chemical. Vim nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntuj, rov ua dua tshiab thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig, xyoob pulp tau siv dav hauv kev ua ntawv, textile thiab lwm yam teb hauv xyoo tas los no. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom xyoob pulp ruaj khov thiab ua tau raws li cov kev cai thov, kev sim xyoob pulp yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tsom mus rau cov khoom sim, cov txheej txheem thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm xyoob pulp.
1. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm xyoob pulp
Xyoob pulp yog cov khoom siv bio-based fiber nrog cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
Cov ntsiab lus cellulose ntuj siab: Xyoob pulp muaj cov ntsiab lus cellulose siab, uas tuaj yeem muab lub zog zoo thiab tawv.
Qhov ntev ntawm cov fiber nruab nrab: Qhov ntev ntawm cov xyoob fiber yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov ntoo fiber thiab cov nyom fiber, uas muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xyoob pulp thiab nws tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev ua ntawv.
Kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig muaj zog: Ua ib tsob nroj uas loj hlob sai, xyoob pulp muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom rov ua dua tshiab thiab cov pa roj carbon tsawg, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv pulp zoo rau ib puag ncig.
Cov cuab yeej tua kab mob: Cov xyoob fiber ntuj muaj qee yam khoom tua kab mob thiab muaj cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb hauv kev ntim khoom noj, cov khoom siv tu tus kheej thiab lwm yam teb.
Cov khoom sim ntawm xyoob pulp suav nrog kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom siv lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg thiab kho tshuab, suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov fiber, lub zog, cov ntsiab lus tsis huv, qhov dawb, kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab lwm yam.
2. Cov khoom siv kuaj xyoob thiab qhov tseem ceeb
2.1 Kev kuaj xyuas lub cev
Cov khoom siv lub cev yog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov zoo ntawm xyoob pulp, suav nrog qhov ntev ntawm cov fiber, cov qauv fiber, cov ntsiab lus tshauv, cov ntsiab lus tsis huv thiab lwm yam.
Qhov ntev ntawm cov fiber: Qhov ntev ntawm cov fiber ntawm cov xyoob pulp muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau lub zog thiab kev ntxhib los mos ntawm daim ntawv. Cov fiber uas ntev dhau lossis luv dhau yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov sib xws thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom ntawv. Qhov ntev ntawm cov fiber thiab kev faib tawm tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas fiber.
Cov ntsiab lus tshauv: Cov ntsiab lus tshauv yog hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tsis kub hnyiab hauv cov xyoob pulp, uas feem ntau yog los ntawm cov khoom inorganic hauv xyoob thiab cov khoom sau lossis cov tshuaj ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav. Cov ntsiab lus tshauv siab yuav txo qhov muaj zog thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov pulp, yog li kev kuaj pom tshauv yog qhov qhia tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm xyoob pulp.
Cov ntsiab lus tsis huv: Cov khoom tsis huv hauv cov xyoob pulp (xws li xuab zeb, ntoo chips, fiber bundles, thiab lwm yam) yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov tsos thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom ntawv kawg. Cov ntsiab lus tsis huv siab yuav ua rau qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv ntxhib, txo qhov du thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm daim ntawv tiav.
Kev Dawb: Kev dawb yog ib qho cim qhia tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim ntawm cov pulp, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov pulp xyoob siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv luam ntawv. Qhov dawb siab dua, qhov zoo dua qhov pom ntawm daim ntawv. Kev dawb feem ntau ntsuas los ntawm lub ntsuas dawb.
2.2 Kev kuaj pom cov tshuaj lom neeg
Kev kuaj pom cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov xyoob pulp feem ntau suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin thiab cov kuab tshuaj seem. Cov tshuaj lom neeg no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv lub cev thiab cov khoom ua tiav ntawm xyoob pulp.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cellulose: Cellulose yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov xyoob pulp, uas txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm xyoob pulp thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom ntawv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cellulose hauv xyoob pulp tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv sib txawv.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lignin: Lignin yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov phab ntsa cell ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tab sis thaum ua ntawv, feem ntau nws yog qhov xav tau kom tshem tawm ib feem ntawm lignin los txhim kho qhov dawb thiab mos ntawm lub pulp. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lignin ntau dhau yuav ua rau lub pulp tsaus ntuj, cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv tiav. Kev kuaj pom Lignin tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev titration tshuaj lossis kev tshuaj ntsuam spectral.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Hemicellulose: Ua ib feem me me hauv cov xyoob pulp, hemicellulose ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj hwm qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov fibers thiab qhov mos ntawm pulp. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm hemicellulose nruab nrab tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ua tau ntawm pulp.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg seem: Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov xyoob pulp, qee cov tshuaj lom neeg (xws li alkali, bleach, thiab lwm yam) yuav siv tau. Yog li ntawd, kev kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg seem hauv xyoob pulp yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
2.3 Kev sim lub zog ntawm lub tshuab
Qhov kev sim lub zog ntawm cov xyoob pulp feem ntau suav nrog lub zog tensile, lub zog tsim kua muag, kev ua kom lub zog khoov, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsuas no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv lossis cov ntaub ua los ntawm xyoob pulp.
Lub zog tensile: Lub zog tensile yog qhov qhia txog kev nplaum thiab kev tawv ntawm cov xyoob pulp fibers. Kev sim lub zog tensile ntawm xyoob pulp tuaj yeem ntsuas nws qhov ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm ua ntawv thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv tiav.
Lub zog rhuav: Kev sim lub zog rhuav yog siv los ntsuas lub zog uas daim ntawv xyoob pulp tuaj yeem tiv taus thaum ncab thiab rhuav. Xyoob pulp nrog lub zog rhuav siab yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj zog xws li ntawv ntim khoom thiab ntawv lag luam.
Kev tiv thaiv kev quav: Kev tiv thaiv kev quav yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov xyoob pulp fibers kom tswj tau kev ncaj ncees thaum lub sijhawm rov quav, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom xyoob pulp uas tsim cov phau ntawv siab lossis cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom.
2.4 Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig
Vim tias xyoob pulp siv dav hauv kev ntim khoom, khoom siv rooj tog, ntawv so quav thiab lwm yam teb uas muaj kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog tib neeg lub cev, nws cov kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb yog qhov siab heev.
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub cev: Ua cov khoom siv cog rov ua dua tshiab, xyoob pulp muaj kev puas tsuaj zoo hauv lub cev. Los ntawm kev sim cov txheej txheem puas tsuaj hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig hauv chav kuaj, kev ua haujlwm puas tsuaj ntawm xyoob pulp tuaj yeem soj ntsuam kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua tau raws li cov qauv ib puag ncig.
Kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom tsis zoo: Cov khoom siv xyoob yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lawv tsis muaj cov khoom tsis zoo xws li cov hlau hnyav, formaldehyde, phthalates, thiab lwm yam. Rau cov khoom siv xyoob siv rau kev ntim khoom noj, cov khoom siv huv, thiab lwm yam, hom kev sim no tseem ceeb heev kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom tsis muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev.
Kev kuaj cov tshuaj dawb fluorescent: Cov tshuaj dawb fluorescent ntau dhau hauv cov xyoob pulp yuav cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb zaub mov thiab kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig ntawm daim ntawv, yog li kev siv cov tshuaj dawb fluorescent yuav tsum tau sim.
3. Cov txheej txheem sim
Kev kuaj xyuas cov xyoob ntoo muaj ntau yam cuab yeej thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshuaj lom neeg. Raws li cov khoom kuaj sib txawv, cov txheej txheem siv feem ntau suav nrog:
Txoj kev tshuaj xyuas microscopic: siv los soj ntsuam cov morphology, qhov ntev thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov xyoob pulp fibers los pab soj ntsuam nws cov ntawv ua tau zoo.
Txoj kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj lom neeg: Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov xyoob pulp, xws li cellulose, lignin, thiab hemicellulose cov ntsiab lus, raug kuaj pom los ntawm acid-base titration, gravimetric tsom xam lossis spectral tsom xam.
Kev sim tshuab: Kev sim lub zog tensile, lub zog tsim kua muag thiab kev sim lub zog folding tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij pulp lub cev kuaj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm xyoob pulp ua tau raws li cov qauv xav tau.
Photometer: Siv los ntes qhov dawb thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm xyoob pulp kom ntseeg tau tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm xyoob pulp ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua tau zoo ib puag ncig: Tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov xyoob los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb (xws li atomic absorption spectrometer, gas chromatograph).
4. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sim xyoob ntoo
Kev tshawb pom cov xyoob pulp yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev xyuas kom meej cov khoom zoo thiab kev siv tau. Vim tias xyoob pulp yog cov khoom siv zoo rau ib puag ncig, nws yog siv dav hauv kev ua ntawv, textile thiab lwm yam lag luam, thiab nws qhov zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab kev paub ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Kev ruaj ntseg zoo ntawm cov khoom: Lub zog kho tshuab, qhov ntev ntawm cov fiber, qhov dawb thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov xyoob pulp muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo kawg ntawm cov ntawv lossis cov ntaub. Los ntawm kev sim, qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv raw hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau.
Kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb lav: Thaum siv xyoob pulp rau kev ntim khoom noj thiab cov khoom siv huv, nws yuav tsum tau xyuas kom meej tias nws tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg. Kev kuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom.
Kev txhim kho kev sib tw ua lag luam: Cov khoom lag luam xyoob zoo muaj kev sib tw ntau dua hauv kev ua lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm cov neeg siv khoom them sai rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, cov khoom lag luam xyoob tsim nyog tuaj yeem tau txais kev lees paub ntau dua hauv kev ua lag luam.
5. Xaus Lus
Ua ib yam khoom siv uas zoo rau ib puag ncig, xyoob pulp tau txais kev siv ntau dua thiab dav dua hauv cov teb xws li kev ua ntawv thiab textiles. Los ntawm kev sim tag nrho cov khoom siv lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg, tshuab thiab ib puag ncig ntawm xyoob pulp, nws qhov zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau. Raws li kev siv xyoob pulp txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, cov txheej txheem kuaj thiab cov qauv rau xyoob pulp yuav raug txhim kho ntxiv kom txhawb kev txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev lag luam xyoob pulp.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-12-2024
